The amount of movement available at a particular joint of the body is related to the functional requirements for that joint. Functional classifications describe the degree of movement available between the bones, ranging from immobile, to slightly mobile, to freely moveable joints. Structural classifications of joints take into account whether the adjacent bones are strongly anchored to each other by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the adjacent bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled space called a joint cavity. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally. List the three types of diarthrodial jointsĪ joint, also called an articulation, is any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together (articulate with each other) to form a connection.Describe the three functional types of joints and give an example of each.Distinguish between the functional and structural classifications for joints.Classification of Jointsīy the end of this section, you will be able to: Your ability to kick a soccer ball, pick up a fork, and dance the tango depend on mobility at these types of joints. These joints allow the muscles of the body to pull on a bone and thereby produce movement of that body region. Most of the joints between the bones of the appendicular skeleton are this freely moveable type of joint.
Area where two or more bones join together free#
These joints provide greater mobility, but since the bones are free to move in relation to each other, the joint is less stable. Instead, these surfaces are enclosed within a space filled with lubricating fluid, which allows the bones to move smoothly against each other. In contrast, at joints that allow for wide ranges of motion, the articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly united to each other. Thus, the joints of the vertebral column only allow for small movements between adjacent vertebrae, but when added together, these movements provide the flexibility that allows your body to twist, or bend to the front, back, or side. At other joints, the bones are held together by cartilage, which permits limited movements between the bones. For example, the tibia and fibula of the leg are tightly united to give stability to the body when standing. Similarly, other joints united by fibrous connective tissue allow for very little movement, which provides stability and weight-bearing support for the body. This lack of mobility is important, because the skull bones serve to protect the brain. For example, most of the joints of the skull are held together by fibrous connective tissue and do not allow for movement between the adjacent bones. The articulating surfaces of bones at stable types of joints, with little or no mobility, are strongly united to each other. Understanding the relationship between joint structure and function will help to explain why particular types of joints are found in certain areas of the body. Conversely, joints that provide the most movement between bones are the least stable.
This means that stable joints allow for little or no mobility between the adjacent bones. Importantly, joint stability and movement are related to each other.
These joints are designed for stability and provide for little or no movement. However, the bones of other joints may be joined to each other by connective tissue or cartilage. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. Joints are the location where bones come together. The adult human body has 206 bones, and with the exception of the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Discuss the structure of specific body joints and the movements allowed by each.Define and identify the different body movements.
Describe the characteristic features for fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints and give examples of each.Discuss both functional and structural classifications for body joints.Figure 9.1 Girl Kayaking Without joints, body movements would be impossible.
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